Osteocondrosis is a chronic recurring disease that occurs in the background of constant destruction of vertebrae and intervertebral discs.Depending on the localization of the degenerative change of vertebrates, the breast, lumbosacral pathology and neck are distinguished.The leading symptoms of osteochondrosis are pain, which increases the severity of physical efforts, the stiffness of movements.The clinical picture often has spinal signs: headache, leaping blood pressure, loss of visual acuity and hearing.
The diagnosis is based on the results of instrumental research - Radiography, MRI, CT.Medicines for various clinical and pharmacological groups are used in osteochondrosis therapy.Physiotherapy and massage procedures are carried out to increase their clinical efficiency.One of the main methods of therapy and prevention is physiotherapy exercises.
The mechanism of the development of the disease
The pathogenesis of osteochondrosis is based on the loss of pulposus due to the core of its hydrophilic properties.This semi -liquid structure consists of connective tissue fibers and coats.As a person grows up, the vascular channel is reduced between the vertebrae.The intake of nutrients occurs in a diffuse manner, that is, according to the principle of spontaneous concentration.This explains the impossibility of complete recovery of cartilage tissues after the injury or the excessive physical efforts of the spinal column.
The process of osteochondrosis exacerbates changes in hormonal background and unbalanced diet.The amount of nutrients sufficient for complete operation does not enter the cartilage tissue, which provokes the following abnormalities of their structure and properties:
- Power and elasticity are lost;
- Changes in shape, consistency and configuration.
The intervertebral discs are flat and radial cracks are formed in fibrous rings.This reduces the distance between adjacent vertebrae.Gradually, the connective tissues of the fibrous rings and the ligaments are involved in the pathological process.Responding to the decomposition of tissues, the immune system produces immunoglobulins, which leads to aseptic inflammation and edema formation in the joints of the joints and the soft tissues nearby.The joints of the joints are stretched, so the intervertebral discs cease to reliably secure the vertebrae.And with the instability of intervertebral segments, the likelihood of nerve root violation or the likelihood of austerity of blood vessels.This often occurs in the cervix in osteochondrosis and causes its highlighted symptoms.
Reasons and provocative factors
In the condition of intervertebral discs, the reduced sound of the skeletal muscles of the spinal column is adversely affected.The irrational, asymmetric functioning of the muscles occurs with long -term persons in a non -physiological position, such as the head down while working on the computer.The destruction of cartilage tissues can be provoked by a heavy bag on one shoulder, a dream on a soft mattress and a tall pillow.
The following external and internal negative factors also accelerate the destruction of intervertebral plates:
- endocrine and metabolic disorders;
- infectious pathologies, especially chronic;
- Spinal injuries (compression fractures, bruises);
- frequent hypothermia;
- The presence of systemic or degenerative-dynist diseases, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis.
If a person has bad habits, they are in danger.The smoking and abuse of alcohol worsens the condition of the blood vessels, leading to inadequate blood circulation and the lack of nutrients in the cartilage tissue of the plates.
In the presence of flat legs or club legs, the risk of developing osteochondrosis of localization increases significantly.Such congenital or acquired errors become the cause of the spinal load because it is impossible to ensure proper depreciation with support.Obesity tends to develop pathology.
With the deposition of adipose tissues, equilibrium support in different parts of the body is complicated, resulting in the effect of excessive loads on intervertebral joints.
Clinical picture
The first clinical manifestation of cervical, chest or lumbar osteochondrosis is back pain.It penetrates during the relapses and radiates to the nearby body.The smallest movement leads to an increase in the severity of the pain syndrome.A man's reaction is to accept a constraint in which the intensity of discomfort is minimal:
- People with osteochondrosis of the cervix tend to turn their heads rather than their heads, but rather the whole body;
- With the pathology of the breast, one is afraid of taking full breath as this chest region becomes the cause of acute pain;
- Patients with lumbar osteochondrosis are difficult to sit down, get up and a spinal cord.
Most patients complain to the doctor about stupid pain and a feeling of restriction in the morning.This requires further differential diagnosis of myositis (inflammatory process of the back skeletons) and osteoarthritis.The cause of painful press pain is the compensation stress of muscle tissue to stabilize the affected spinal engine segment.The permanent pain syndrome of weak or moderate severity is due to a significant section of the intervertebral disk and the development of aseptic inflammation.
Specific symptoms are characterized by osteochondrosis of a certain localization.For example, lumbar pathology often occurs lumboyshalgia - pain attack on the lower and back of the thigh.Chest osteochondrosis clinically in the heart region's visceral pain, better hypochondrium, stomach, numbness, increased skin sensitivity, and crunching of the vertebrae.But the most prominent and diverse symptoms are distinguished by a pathology that affects cervical intervertebral discs.
As a result of the displacement of the vertebrae and the formation of osteophytes, the spinal artery is compressed, which nourishes the cells of the brain, which provides them with oxygen.One suffers from coordination of movements, noise in the ear, headache, arterial hypertension.
What can be in the absence of treatment
Most complications of osteochondrosis are the result of intervertebral disk hernia.If this spinal structure is displaced, it develops, which leads to interruption of the back longitudinal ligament.The disk becomes even more unstable and part of the cerebrospinal channel.The hernia is considered to be an explosion if its target, along with the disk, penetrates the channel in the formation process.
Such a pathological condition of vertebrates tends to compact the spinal cord and to develop discogenous myelopathy.From a clinical point of view, torpor, in the weaknesses of some muscle groups of the legs or arms, in paresis, muscle atrophy, and changes in the reflexes of the tendons.Disorders for emptying the bladder and (or) intestines can also be observed.As a result of the formation of intervertebral hernia, the spinal cord nourishing arteries are tightened.Ischemic areas are formed in which all the nerve cells have been destroyed.The so -called neurological deficiency occurs - it violates movement, sensitivity reduces, and Trothy is nervous.
Tactics of treatment
Osteochondrosis does not correspond to the complete cure, as drugs have not yet been synthesized, which would promote the restoration of damaged intervertebral discs and vertebrae.However, therapeutic schemes necessarily contain chondroprotectors - the symptomatic agents of the slow effect.They prefer the sulfate and (OR) glucosamine sulfate (hydrochloride) with active chondroitin components.
The clinical efficiency of these drugs is confirmed by the results of many years of research.With longer entry (3 months to 2 years), partial regeneration of cartilage tissues, and other connective tissue structures - ligaments, tendons, bournes.As they accumulate in the vertebral discs of glucosamine and chondroitin, they begin with an outstanding analgesic, decongestant, anti -inflammatory effect.This allows for reducing the dose of NSAIDs, glucocorticosteroids, muscle relaxation, thereby reducing the body's pharmacological load.
The drugs needed for the joints are not effective with irregular use or when used to treat 3 degrees of osteochondrosis when significant destruction of cartilage tissue was observed.
Medicines are used to improve the symptoms usually occurring with cervical or breast osteochondrosis, which improve the labyrinth microcirculation used for the pathology of the vestibular device.
If necessary, antidepressants and anticonvulsants are involved in therapeutic schemes.
Physiotherapy procedures are used in the treatment of osteochondrosis: UHF therapy, magnetic therapy, laser therapy.Reflexotherapy, massage, exercise, hirudotherapy, swimming, yoga.With the effectiveness of conservative treatment, the patient shows surgical intervention.The exercises are exercised by the disk, the laser reconstruction or replacement of the implant.